基于“又好又快发展”思想的动态综合评价方法

针对不同时段内被评价对象增益的不同,提出了一种基于"又好又快发展"思想的动态综合评价方法.首先依据时序立体数据信息,求出被评价对象的增益水平;然后通过均值相对运算、规范化和一致性运算,定义出各被评价对象各指标在某一时刻的相对发展增益权、均衡发展增益权和可持续发展增益权,并进一步计算综合增益权;最后依据激励思想给出增益权与静态综合评价值的合成规则.通过2006-2010年中部六省三次产业"又好又快发展"水平评价的实例分析,证明了方法的科学性.     

Low frequency in situ metrology of absorption and dispersion of sound absorbing porous materials based on high power ultrasonic non-linearly demodulated waves

The present work is related to acoustic in situ free-field measurements of sound absorption in porous materials, such as cellular plastic foams, glass-wool or recycled felt materials. The emphasis is given towards fine metrology of absorption in view of potential industrial applications. A powerful ultrasonic array working at 40 kHz is used. It enables to measure absorption acoustical data down to 100 Hz due to the exploitation of the non-linear ultrasonic demodulation phenomenon in air. Fine measurements of acoustic absorption are compared to numerical predictions based on the “equivalent-fluid” model (when the squeleton frame is motionless), and to some measurements performed on a Brüel and Kjaer impedance tube. Dispersion curves are also measured and compared to the numerical predictions for some automotive felt materials which are compressed at various ratios. Data obtained with a dedicated portable instrument are also discussed for the same type of materials and configurations.     

Intensity analysis methods for transient signals

Conventionally, the Fourier transform is applied for sound intensity analysis of stationary signals, but this method can be applied for analyzing non-stationary transient signals. Instead of the Fourier transform analysis, instantaneous spectrum analysis methods such as the Wigner-Ville distribution and the wavelet transform are proposed. By using the mathematical example as a transient signal, advantages and disadvantages of these methods including the short-time Fourier transform are compared. From calculation results, it is considered that the STFT method is the most suitable for the accurate measurement of sound intensity levels, but the WT method is also recommended from its higher resolution of transient signals.     

Ultrasound simulation of real-time temperature estimation during radiofrequency ablation using finite element models

Radiofrequency ablation is the most common minimally invasive therapy used in the United States to treat hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. The ability to perform real-time temperature imaging while a patient is undergoing ablation therapy may help reduce the high recurrence rates following ablation therapy. Ultrasound echo signals undergo time shifts with increasing temperature due to sound speed and thermal expansion, which are tracked using both 1D cross correlation and 2D block matching based speckle tracking methods. In this paper, we present a quantitative evaluation of the accuracy and precision of temperature estimation using the above algorithms on both simulated and experimental data.A finite element analysis simulation of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tissue was developed. Finite element analysis provides a method to obtain the exact temperature distribution along with a mapping of the tissue displacement due to thermal expansion. These local displacement maps were combined with the displacement due to speed of sound changes and utilized to generate ultrasound radiofrequency frames at specified time increments over the entire ablation procedure. These echo signals provide an ideal test-bed to evaluate the performance of both speckle tracking methods, since the estimated temperature results can be compared directly to the exact finite element solution. Our results indicate that the 1D cross-correlation (CC) method underestimates the cumulative displacement by 0.20 mm, while the underestimation with 2D block matching (BM) is about 0.14 mm after 360 s of ablation. The 1D method also overestimates the size of the ablated region by 5.4% when compared to 2.4% with the 2D method after 720 s of ablation. Hence 2D block matching provides better tracking of temperature variations when compared to the 1D cross-correlation method over the entire duration of the ablation procedure. In addition, results obtained using 1D cross-correlation diverge from the ideal finite element results after 7 min of ablation and for temperatures greater than 65 °C.In a similar manner, experimental results presented using a tissue-mimicking phantom also demonstrate that the maximum percent difference with 2D block matching was 5%, when compared to 31% with the 1D method over the 700 s heating duration on the phantom.     

半球封闭圆柱体表面绕射声场研究

基于一致性几何绕射理论,对半球封闭圆柱体上半球表面的高频绕射声场进行了数值计算与分析。获得了单个点声源作用下,半球表面声场的声压分布图,其中包括一些干涉条纹,干涉条纹的区域及形状与点声源的位置和频率有关;在多个点声源作用下,发现在接近半球顶点的附近,多个声波经多途传播后在该区域的叠加声压由衰减转为增强的现象。     

脉冲功率传输线磁绝缘的建立与特性分析

 分析了脉冲功率传输线建立磁绝缘的暂态过程,对暂态过程中传输线的击穿与磁绝缘关系、电子的分布规律及其与建立磁绝缘的关系进行了阐述。分析了磁绝缘传输线电极间的电子分布改变传输线工作阻抗值的现象,给出了传输线稳态工作阻抗的求解方法和用稳态工作阻抗计算传输线暂态工作阻抗的方法。研究了截面尺寸变化时传输线中电子的分布和电磁波传播的折反射情况。结果表明:传输线在建立磁绝缘的过程中损失电子是必然的,损失电子是建立磁绝缘的必要条件。截面半径沿轴向变化时,其工作特性与极间距的变化有关。极间距增大时,后半段的电子电流增大,使其工作阻抗增大并与前半段相等,因而在尺寸变化处不产生反射波。极间距减小时,由于后半段提前产生损失电子,因而尺寸变化处产生反射波。     

贝叶斯优化卷积神经网络公共场所异常声识别*

针对公共场所异常声的感知和识别问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯优化卷积神经网络的识别方法。提取声信号的Gammatone倒谱系数、倍频程功率谱、短时能量和谱质心,组合成声信号的特征图。构建卷积神经网络作为分类器,利用递增的卷积核设置和池化操作处理不同尺度的特征。基于贝叶斯优化算法优化卷积神经网络的模型参数,对包括火苗噼啪声、婴儿啼哭声、烟花燃放声、玻璃破碎声和警报声的5种公共场所异常声进行识别。该方法的识别结果与基于不同的特征提取和分类器方案得到的识别结果进行比较,结果表明该方法的识别效果优于其他特征提取和分类器方案的识别效果。最后分析了该方法在不同信噪比噪声干扰下的识别结果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

小直径棒材超声横波检测仿真分析

采用超声水浸聚焦斜入射方式进行小棒材表面、近表缺陷检测时,声波在水/棒和棒/缺陷界面会发生反射、折射、散射、衍射及波形转换等一系列物理变换。此时缺陷可检性对声波入射条件十分敏感,常出现由于检测条件设置不当而导致缺陷漏检、误检的情况。为解决这一问题,本文针对小棒材超声斜入射检测中的主要参数——入射角和水距,开展声场及缺陷声响应仿真,研究检测参数对不同部位缺陷检测能力的影响,并对仿真结果进行试验验证。通过研究得到了检测水距、入射角度对缺陷检测能力的影响,并得到最优检测条件。试验验证结果表明研究制定的检测方案可有效检测出表面、近表面裂纹缺陷。     

Using transient and steady-state SEA to assess potential errors in the measurement of structure-borne sound power input from machinery on coupled reception plates

Isolated reception plates provide an engineering approach to quantify the structure-borne sound power input from machinery through the measurement of the spatial-average velocity level and structural reverberation times. For applications in building acoustics there are practical and economic reasons to consider using coupled reception plates formed by solid heavyweight walls or floors that are structurally coupled to other building elements. This paper uses transient and steady-state statistical energy analysis to investigate how the errors depend upon the building structure to which the coupled reception plate is connected. It is shown that the problem is twofold. Firstly, in the low- and mid-frequency ranges, the steady-state velocity level on the coupled reception plate is increased by energy returning from other coupled plates. Secondly, the structural decays on the coupled reception plate have significant curvature due to returning energy; hence short evaluation ranges are needed to minimise the error when determining the total loss factor. This leads to a problematic situation where the coupled reception plate appears to give the correct answer due to the error in the energy cancelling out the error in the total loss factor. The latter error can be minimised using short evaluation ranges for the structural reverberation time.